Spatial Adaptability Strategies

Spatial Adaptability refers to the notion of being able to change or utilise the physical environment to cater to different uses by different people, at different times of the day. This is beneficial because it increases the overall time we spend in these spaces, as well as broaden the range of activities we part-take in. Although each architectural proposition is often unique in its approach to offer flexibility to its user, this article aims to narrow down on a set of guiding principles which may be used to introduce greater spatial adaptability into our physical spaces, analysing related examples for each of the following devices:

• Multifunctionality

• Form-Making

• Mobility

• Interactivity

• Thinking Across Scales

• Directionality

• Dimensionality

Multifunctionality

Firstly, multifunctionality involves combining several different functions into a single piece of micro-infrastructure. It allows for efficient utilisation of space, and subsequently increases active participation and curiosity whilst engaging with the infrastructure. For example, the schematic above shows a section of stepped building massing in which the eaves provide shelter, yet also act as planter box space for the balcony above.

Form-Making

Form-making is about using curves and angles to make a variety of (perhaps unconventional) physical shapes that strays from traditional postures, and instead, allows for a variety of ergonomic human postures. This can be introduced into the design of our built environment by observing how people of the local area adapt everyday spaces in public and private realms; be it public seating, public transport, communal plazas, natural landscapes, or one’s own couch. Form-making is beneficial because it offers built structures that are good for our health and wellbeing, that lets us rest a little better, work more at ease, lean on a wall more comfortably, let our back sit a little straighter…

Mobility

Introducing mobile elements into our spaces allows us to easily move the furniture piece around to suit different set-ups, types and sizes of individual/social activities. One of the easiest and most common ways to introduce mobility into design is through the use of wheels. It may become even more effective when combined with the use of good brakes and tracks, which gives the element more rigidity and order. As seen in the image above of Melbourne School of Design’s atrium space, students are able to flexibly move the study couches and desks as they desire, leading to greater work outcomes and better collaboration.

Interactivity

Interactivity refers to introducing design into our spaces that prompts, questions or provokes the user to take action to interact with the form, be it through physical touch, observance, movement. Interactivity gives the user more active control of their built environment, increasing spatial awareness and engagement with their surrounds. This is helpful because it allows one to tailor the environment to suit their needs; be it adjusting the amount and quality of sunlight or natural daylight on their workspace, or the height of their desk to allow for sitting and standing postures while working.

Thinking Across Scales

Thinking across different scales is a good practice which prompts consideration of a variety of uses for a variety of people (different heights, weights, body shapes). What might be a simple bench to an adult might be a secret hiding place for a child. The diagram above, although an exercise, shows how a singular form may be adapted to allow different functions, with just a change in size.

Directionality

Considering directionality is about evaluating the opportunity for different functions in the different directions of an architectural object. For example, the curved bookshelf bench depicted above is a furniture piece that serves as both a low bookshelf on one side, and seating space on the other. Through combining this with the technique of form-making, it may generate interesting design propositions that create a multitude of different spatial moments for the user.

Dimensionality

Dimensionality, a key aspect of any physical design, in this case refers to the compressibility or expandability of an architectural element. Dimensionality may be combined with multifunctional use as depicted in the sofa bed panel above. This allows greater opportunity to utilise open space for a variety of other activities such as exercise, socialising, or creative projects during daytime.

Overall, interactive and flexible design increases our engagement with the built environment and prompts us to take a more active stance in how we adapt our spaces for optimum function.

What has been your experience of spatial adaptability in the physical spaces you occupy? Are there any other strategies that come to mind? Drop a comment down below.